Indonesian Journal of Political and Civil Society Research

The Concept of Women's Political Justice According to Fatima Mernissi and Hannah Arendt

2025-06-27T07:12:54+07:00

This study aims to examine the concept of women's political justice according to Fatima Mernissi and Hannah Arendt. Political justice refers to granting equal rights and treatment to all individuals regardless of gender, favoritism, or discrimination in the process of forming and distributing power within society, particularly in state decision-making processes. This research employs a literature study method by collecting data through keyword searches, followed by a search for relevant subjects in books, journals, scholarly articles, and other academic sources. The next step involves analyzing the collected data and drawing conclusions. Fatima Mernissi’s concept of women’s political justice stems from her efforts to explore Islamic scholarly traditions, especially the interpretations of Qur'anic verses and misogynistic hadiths. On the other hand, Hannah Arendt’s thought centers on political freedom, where action and freedom are seen as identical—meaning that to be free is to act or to take initiative.

How Evolution Theory Reshaped Religions

2025-06-27T07:12:54+07:00

When Charles Darwin introduced his theory of evolution in On the Origin of Species (1859), he unknowingly ignited one of the most profound challenges religions had ever faced. For centuries, sacred texts had offered clear, purposeful accounts of how life began, the stories that placed humans at the center of a divinely created world. Evolution, by contrast, told of slow, undirected change, of common ancestry shared with all living things. To many, this was not just a scientific idea, but it was a theological earthquake. This paper explores how religious belief has responded, resisted, and adapted in the age of evolution. It traces key moments of tension from the fiery debates of the 19th century to courtroom dramas like the Scopes Trial, while also examining quieter shifts in theology, doctrine, and public opinion. Drawing on examples from Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism, the study shows that religious responses have been far from monolithic. Some traditions hardened their opposition, while others embraced evolution as a tool in the hands of a Creator. The paper also considers a more recent development: the use of evolutionary theory to explain the origins of religion itself. Far from undermining faith, such studies offer new insights into why belief persists and how it helps communities flourish. Ultimately, this exploration reveals that the relationship between science and religion is not a zero-sum struggle but an evolving conversation. Evolution did not destroy religion; it forced it to grow, to ask deeper questions, and, in many cases, to reach for a broader understanding of the divine.

Civilization, Globalization, and Civil Islam

2025-06-30T11:06:55+07:00

This paper discusses modern civilization and globalization as challenges to Muslim societies. Modern civilization and globalization are two undeniable realities that have long shaped the current global landscape. Islam, positioned as a belief system, a religious institution, and a civilization, faces unique challenges, particularly when Islamic values are interrogated or even factually alienated within these modern and global contexts. This study employs the phenomenology of religion, a relatively new approach in Islamic studies, especially in comparative religion, sociology of religion, and the social philosophy of religion. As an analytical tool, the author draws on selected sub-theories from civil society theory, which explores how human civilization evolves from a natural state to a fully developed civil society. Nevertheless, the approach and theoretical framework are anchored in the perspective of maqashid as-siyasah al-Islamiyah, ensuring that the analysis of civilization, globalization, and Civil Islam remains relevant to the discourse of Islamic political ethics. This study concludes that the realization of Civil Islam is reflected in the architecture and symbolic expressions of society, in the economic system, in the development of knowledge and science, in the social system including traditions, culture, interaction, and socialization patterns, and in the political system or at least the political paradigm that shapes governance.